ESWATINI

The Swazi fled from their original home to the Pongola River valley in KwaZulu Natal in the nineteenth century as a result of internal pressure. Ndwandwe attacks later forced the Swazi, ruled by Sobhuza I of the Dlamini, to transfer to the Ezulwini Valley in the area we know as Swaziland today. Sobhuza was the son of Ngwane III, who the Swazi recognise as their first king.

The Swazi people drove away most of the Sotho groups in the area and Sobhuza became the most powerful ruler in the region. He also managed to avoid the worst of the mfecane and further Zulu attacks through diplomacy. This ensured that the Swazi nation grew while other surrounding groups disintegrated. The next Swazi king to take the throne was Mswati. He was a gifted diplomat and warrior and when his term ended in 1868, the Swazi nation was secure.

History of Umhlanga

Reed Dance Festival is an ancient tradition of the Swazi and Zulu people known as the Umkhosi womhlanga, or the Zulu Reed Dance. It is an annual event in early September at the Enyokeni Royal Palace in Nongoma, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The festival’s name is derived from the riverbed reeds.

In this festival, whose traditions date back centuries, the Kingdom’s unmarried and childless females congregate at the royal residence of the Queen Mother in Ludzidzini. Up to 40,000 girls dressed in traditional attire; bright short beaded skirts with colourful sashes take part in the ceremony, making it one of the biggest and most spectacular events in Africa. They head out in groups to the riverbanks (some march over 30 km) and using sharp knives cut tall reeds and bring them back to the Royal Homestead. During the ceremony the young maidens, led by the Swazi princesses then present the newly cut reeds to the Queen Mother to protect her residence. The custom began as an annual task to use the reeds to make repairs on the windbreaks (reed fences) round the royal residence.
After parading back with the reeds, dancing and music to celebrate the ceremony then takes over. This begins on the afternoon of the 6th day and continues on the 7th day, the main day, when the King attends and crowds gather to join in the festivities.
Unlike other traditional cultural festivals in Africa, the Umhlanga Festival continues to grow in popularity and the people of this mountainous Kingdom remain patriotic about their culture and this festival.

When is Umhlanga?

The Umhlanga or Reed Dance is national holiday in eSwatini (Swaziland).
This is the largest cultural festival in the Kingdom. It lasts for a week, with the last day known as the main day, which is the public holiday.
The event usually takes place around the last week of August or the first week of September. The dates of the event are released relatively close to the time as they are based on ancestral astrology. The main day is always a Monday. In our list of dates, we show an estimated date for future years.